"...Everybody jumped on him, beat the hell out of him... Everybody was hitting
him or kicking him. One guy was kicking at his spine. Another guy hitting on
the side of the face... He was unconscious. He was bleeding. Everybody had
blood on their forearms. We ran back up the hill laughing... He should have
died... He lost so much blood he turned white. He got what he deserved"
(Ridgeway 167.)

The skinheaRAB who performed this best act of racial violence in 1990,
had no reason to brutally beat their victim other than the fact that he was
Mexican (Ridgeway 167). Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic
discrimination or segregation. Fortunately, racial violence is steadily
declining as the turn of the century approaches. Now a new form of racism,
covert racism, has recently sprung from the pressures of political correctness.
This new form of racism, although slowly declining, still shows signs of strong
support (Piazza 86). Covert racism assumes a form of civil disobedience against
politically correct thought and speech. Essentially, covert racism is a "hidden"
racism, or a racism not easily detected (Piazza 78). "Racism is still strongly
prevalent in today's society" (Gudorf 3).
The three different basic forms of racism, open racism, violent racism,
and covert racism all express forms of hatred towarRAB distinct ethnic groups
(Bender 47). These basic forms of racism, although different in form, all have
the same main purpose, to promote racism. Open racism expresses freedom of
racial thought and speech. Open racists promote their views through strictly
persuasionary tactics. This form of racism is allowed in our society because of
the First Amendment. Open racism is currently almost nonexistent and steadily
declining, because it is considered politically incorrect and socially
unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence, fear, and
persuasionary tactics (Leone 49) This form of racism is not protected by the
First Amendment because it promotes violence to express its ideas.
Unfortunately many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and
therefore these groups are protected by the First Amendment because not enough
sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent (Ridgeway 123).
Covert racism expresses ideas of racism in disguised forms; sometimes
the covert racist is not even aware of the fact that he is racist. "Racism, it
is asserted, is no longer blatant: people nowadays are reluctant to express
openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed are not prepared to
express publicly a sentiment that could be interpretted as racist. Racism, it
is said, is subtle: it is disguised, kept out of sight" (Enrlich 73) "The
suggestion that there is a new racism--a racism that has a new strength
precisely because it doesn't appear to be racism--deserves serious
consideration" (Piazza 66). Avoiding minorities on the street and denial of a
public benefit to a minority which would be awarded to a white are examples of
covert racism. "Since it is no longer politically correct to openly express
one's racist views, people therefore favor disguised, indirect ways to express
their bigotry" (Piazza 68). Covert racism is the most abundant form of racism
in our society today.
What causes racism? Unfortunately, the answer is much longer and
detailed than the question. The three main causes for racism are: racism has
become part of our heritage, right-wing racial and political groups, and pride
in one's own race.
Practically since the dawn of man's existence man has undoubtedly noticed
differences between races. "Racism's presence throughout the formation of our
culture is quite evident" (Tucker 17). Frequently throughout history the ethnic
group with the most power has assumed that its race and culture are superior to
others. The same incident even occurred in America with the introduction of
slaves. Throughout American history, racism has been strongly prevalent.
"Racism's roots lie deep within the foundation of our society" (Tucker 19).
These roots undoubtedly are the source for a great many of the racist groups and
covert racism ideas found throughout our society.
Extremist social and political groups, particularly those advocating
right-wing policies of racial inequality, promote racism as well. These groups
serve as the epitome of racial thought and speech (Ridgeway 10). The following
represent various racist groups found throughout the United States: John Birch
Society, Ku Klux Klan, Knights of the KKK, Invisible Empire, NAAWP, White Aryan
Resistance, American Front, Nazi SkinheaRAB, Posse Comitatus, Aryan Nations, The
Order, and National Alliance (Ridgeway 15). All of these groups are given the
freedom to express their ideas of racism because of the First Amendment (CIEQ
16). Although the First Amendment protects the speech of these groups, many
none the less find it necessary to use violence to promote their cause. Racist
groups now make extensive use of covert racism to extend their message of racism
throughout our society. This form of racism has proven quite effective, in the
past ten years, at persuading others to adopt racist ideas (Piazza 69). These
groups serve as a syrabol of racism itself to many in our society (Ridgeway 29).
A large source of the racism present in our society stems from one's
pride in his own race. Many people, especially those associated with racist
groups, find it necessary to put down other ethnic groups in an attempt to
strengthen their own (Bender 113). This mode of thought and reasoning usually
results in extreme hatred of other races and an overall sense of bigotry.
Reasoning in this manner equates to many associated with racist groups. Pride
in one's race may eventually lead to covert racism thought (Piazza 87).
Covert racism affects our society in a variety of different manners.
"Indeed it should be said that covert racism has permanently scarred our society,
both politically and socially" (Piazza 1). Racial politics have changed since
the era of the civil rights movement, when the issue of race, at its heart,
came down fundamentally to whether whites were prepared to accept other races as
their equals (Bloom 29). "Now, however, the issue of race has become more
complex^×more complex because there are now multiple agendas including
affirmative action, quotas, and set-asides" (Piazza 34). The main agenda
revolves around affirmative action, steps taken by an employer, school, or other
institution to expand oppurtunities for blacks, hispanic people, women or other
minority groups. "The clear implications of the most recent Supreme Court
decisions on affirmative action programs is that such programs will be upheld in
certain circumstances to remedy past discrimination" (Bloom 48). However, many
whites view this special treatment of minorities for past discrimination as
discrimination towarRAB themselves. This "reverse discrimination" has lead to
many debates and controversies concerning race and racial politics (Piazza 30).
Unfortunately this sort of political environment encourages covert racism in
many whites as a counterattack against affirmative action. Our political system
must first become racially unbiased before our society may become more
ethnically diverse. If all men are created equal, then why should differences in
race matter? Unfortunately our society has not lived up to the standarRAB set by
its forefathers. Racism, especially covert racism, still affects our society
socially. Covert racism is a form of civil disobedience for racists to spread
ideas of racism throughout our society (Piazza 68).
WorRAB: 1187