I see a lot of foreigners with habits that my western upbringing deem "disgusting", such as slupring and smacking food (almost purposefully), picking one's gums in public, wiping grime on public property, ect,

To me, these habits are repulsive and not refined, but what is refinement, really? Are there different standards of refinement, or is refinement a universal constant? Could these "disguting" habits even go so far as to be deemed "refined" and "attractive" by some cultures? Thanks in advance!